This way, the dominant driving mechanism of the along-valley winds, within the valleys, could shift from the valley volume effect to buoyant forcing due to the inclination. Sci. The number of hours selectable. Helpful stats, graphics, and this day in history charts are available for your reference. Requesting API calls by geographical coordinates is the most accurate way to specify any location. 2012 2022 OpenWeather All rights reserved, 8,000+ OpenWeatherMap weather API repositories on GitHub, Google Weather-Based Campaign Management with OpenWeatherMap API, Connect your weather station to OpenWeatherMap, Get weather data for free for open source project, Vegetation indicies statistics by each recognised field, Climate data for regions and particular field, Vegetation indices and Historical NDVI chart, Current, Forecast and Historical weather data. During the period from 18 to 21December2014, weather at the measurement site was reported to be sunny (supplementary material of Bianchi etal.,2021). 19992049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.a, Iacono, M.J., Delamere, J.S., Mlawer, E.J., Shephard, M.W., Clough, S.A., You can download list of city ID from this. Global coverage, Email notifications, Track the main weather parameters: temperature, wind speed, precipitation. Overall, the daily cycle of the along-valley winds in Khumbu Valley are similar among existing studies, with well-defined daytime up-valley winds and weaker night-time winds flowing either in the up- or down-valley direction. Ek, M., Meng, J., Wei, H., Yang, R., Lord, S., vanden Dool, H., Kumar, A., diSarra, A.G., Evangelisti, F., Duchi, R., Facchini, M., Fuzzi, S., Gobbi, Makalu and Kanchanjunga, on the other hand, have a 40km long almost flat portion close to the valley entrance and no barrier. The night-time along-valley winds are weak and flow mostly in the up-valley direction. Phys., 23, 821842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-821-2023, 2023. Hi my name is Belal Khan.I am the creator of this blog. The
's in string formats 3 & 4 are required for use in HTML. Sub-grid-scale processes were parameterised as follows: the Thompson scheme for microphysics (Thompson etal.,2008), the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for General Circulation Model (RRTMG) scheme for long-wave and short-wave radiation (Iacono etal.,2008), the MellorYamadaJanji (Eta) turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) scheme for boundary-layer turbulence and the Eta similarity scheme for the surface layer (Janjic,1994). Thus, the decay of up-valley winds at this location is delayed by 3h compared with the other valleys. The rain has suspended play on outdoor courts for hours. Meteorol. G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., DeChiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., The cross-valley wind component is considered here as a wind component perpendicular to the valley centre lines (introduced in Sect.2.3.1) and, thus, perpendicular to the along-valley wind component directly above the valley centre line. Sensitivity of Simulated Wind Speed to Spatial Resolution over Complex The temperature difference causing the along-valley winds is explained by the valley volume effect (Whiteman,2000). Climatol., 32, 16691682. For more details about pretty print JSON data check this. Our finding (that the strongest up-valley winds occur in the flatter parts of the valleys) appears to contradict the result of Wagner etal. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1427-2021, 2021.a, Solanki, R., Singh, N., Kiran Kumar, N.V.P., Rajeev, K., Imasu, R., Comparing the observed wind direction during the 1821December2014 study period (Bianchi etal.,2021) with other periods, such as the winters of 19941999 (Bollasina etal.,2002; Ueno and Kayastha,2001), December in 2003 (Ueno etal.,2008) and December in 2006 and 2007 (Bonasoni etal.,2010), the study period resembles the average wind conditions at the NCO-P station well. Impact of summer monsoon on the elevation-dependence of meteorological simulations of boundary-layer processes and urban-induced alterations in an In summary, the two westernmost valleys (Gaurishankar and Khumbu; Fig.3a, b) have inclined valley floors throughout the length of the valley and a 1km high perpendicular barrier between the valley entrance and the plain instead of an open entrance; in contrast, the two easternmost valleys (Makalu and Kanchanjunga; Fig.3c, d) have a 40km long flat portion into the valley from the open valley entrance. You are already using a Unit of Measure by defining the Item as Number:Speed. Due to the heat export, the valley volume effect is considered to be the theoretical maximum of the heating of the valley atmosphere compared with adjacent plain. I have used these in my own application to convert a JSON response of: 1 2 3 4 "wind": { "speed": 5.7, "deg": 50 }, into: Wind speed: 12.75 mph in a North East direction. Yellow lines present the valley centre lines used in the analysis. La Crosse Technology, 327-1417BW. Geosci. This results in a warming of 5K (Gaurishankar) and 3K (Khumbu) in the lee of the barrier compared with the base of the barrier over the plain. Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., deRosnay, P., I imported the data and when I print it, I am able to see the requested data (humidity, temperature, wind speed etc.) Probability of precipitation for the forecasts time period. You can access the data on the basis of longitude, latitude, city id, city name etc. Synoptic-Scale Flows and Winds within a Valley, J. Appl. regional climate model across a Himalayan catchment, Atmos. Meteor. Rajeev, K., Gunthe, S.S., and Kotamarthi, V.R.: Effects of spatial For both daytime and night-time, the RMSE in wind speed is lowest at Lukla and highest at NCO-P; moreover, the night-time RMSE is lower than the daytime value at each station. Got questions? Pay as you call. Himalayas, J. In this section you will learn how to access weather data for several cities. on Planetary Boundary Layer Growth Over a Valley on the North Side of the The period of this case study was selected to coincide with the measurement campaign by Bianchi etal. The number of days selectable. cities! A., Soci, C., Abdalla, S., Abellan, X., Balsamo, G., Bechtold, P., Biavati, We first analysis the large-scale flow to ensure that it is consistent with the analysis in ERA5 (discussed in Sect.2.1). 167 pulls off upset as play suspended due to heat. An adaptive time step with a target CourantFriedrichsLewy value of 0.8 was used to keep the simulation numerically stable. If you want to know more the Stack Overflow answers have explanations along with comments for what the magic numbers represent. This work is distributed under, Daytime along-valley winds in the Himalayas as simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Model Dev., 14, 14271443. (2015). The lines for width and depth correspond to the values on the right yaxis. Bonaf, U., Calzolari, F., Colombo, T., Decesari, S., DiBiagio, C., Tip: These strings can contain anything you want, not just weather information. Brutal conditions saw the heat policy enforced on a scorching day at Melbourne Park, with play halted around 2pm on all outside courts with the temperature around 35 degrees. The model was run as one continuous 5d simulation that was initialised at 00:00UTC (05:45LT, local time) on 17December2014 and ran until 23:59UTC on 21December2014. The surface topography is from United States Geological Survey with a horizontal resolution of 30arcsec (1km) and is shown for domains d01 and d04 in Fig.2a and b respectively. Wang, W., Long, C., Chelliah, M., Xue, Y., Huang, B., Schemm, J.-K., Figure4 shows the 400hPa wind in the outer domain (d01) in the WRF simulation at 12:00LT (noon) on 1821December2014. A recent study showed that Khumbu Valley could act as a source of pre-industrial aerosol in the free troposphere: model results indicate that the biogenic vapours emitted in Khumbu Valley were oxidised and then transported to free troposphere by the daytime up-valley winds (Bianchi etal.,2021). the unified NOAH land surface model in the WRF model, 20th conference on The flow characteristics over this barrier are similar to what Stull (1988) describes with respect to the down-slope wind storms associated with hydraulic jump. Setting St John's as my default city on DakBoard, the DakBoard widgit shows the wind as 8. Figure10 shows the potential temperature at 15:00LT minus the potential temperature at 09:00LT as a vertical cross-section above the valley centre lines on20 and 21December. The reduction in the wind speed with height is not as strong at the other locations in Gaurishankar Valley. Ebisuzaki, W., Lin, R., Xie, P., Chen, M., Zhou, S., Higgins, W., Zou, C.-Z., Our new technology, Time Machine, has allowed us to enhance data in the Historical Weather Collection: historical weather data is now available for any coordinates and the depth of historical data has been extended to 40 years. Weather data Question 1: Soc., 146, Central Himalayas, J. Geophys. The default unit of measurement for wind speed is meter/second. Thank you @rlkoshak, the syntax for the rules was not fully correct but you put me on the right way. The World is Not Flat: Implications for the Global Carbon Balance, Bull. the Convection, Viscous Sublayer, and Turbulence Closure Schemes, Mon. The Khumbu Valley observational data are available from http://geonetwork.evk2cnr.org, last access: 19December2022. The RMSE in the 2m temperature ranges from 2.5 to 2.7K for daytime (06:0018:00LT) and from 2.2 to 3.5 for night-time (18:0006:00LT) (Table2). Lett., 22, e1018. In the Gaurishankar and Khumbu valleys, the diurnal cycle of potential temperature and the up-valley winds are found in a layer that is 6001200m deep above the valley centre lines, whereas the corresponding depth is 10001500m in Makalu and Kanchanjunga. The up-valley winds exceeding 3ms1 cover half of the along-valley distance in Kanchanjunga, whereas they are only found at the valley entrance in Makalu. Consumi a API do OpenWeather para obter as informaes do clima em tempo real. (subscriptions with various limits on calls/min, data availability, and service), Prepared bulks Please note that built-in geocoder functionality has been deprecated. However, they simulated the monsoon season, which is not favourable for the thermally driven valley winds that are the focus of our study. What are variables? Phys., 15, 65896603, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6589-2015, 2015.a, b, c, d, e, f, g, Whiteman, C. D.: Mountain Meteorology: Fundamentals and Applications, New York, Oxford University Press, For example: Winds %wind-speed% Km/h^ with gusts up to %wind-gust% Km/h^, With wind gust data this will convert to: Winds 10 Km/h with gusts up to 20 Km/h, Without wind gust data this will convert to: Winds 10 Km/h (The gusts text surrounded by carets will be removed). Selecting a onecall forecast mode with the free tier leverages the One Call API, resulting in updates every 5 minutes and is recommended for both hourly and daily forecast. Specifically, in steeply inclined valleys, the buoyancy mechanism that drives up-slope winds in classical mountain wind theories (Whiteman,2000) may become more dominate than the valley-wind mechanism. Dev., manually: From the configuration menu select: Devices & Services. This study focuses on along-valley winds during a carefully selected 4d period in December 2014 that is representative of the post-monsoon season. Get current up-to-date real-time weather conditions to be able to make better business decisions by understanding how weather conditions can affect your drivers. If you register an new API key with OpenWeatherMap, it will be activated automatically, this typically takes between 10 minutes and 2 hours after your successful registration. Parameter q is city name. So write the following code. (2021) suggested that the daytime up-valley winds in the Khumbu Valley would transport aerosol precursors from the bottom of the valley to the free troposphere. . Translation is applied for the city name and description fields. At the height of approximately 450m above the surface (model level 4; Fig.11e, f, g, h), the amplitude of the diurnal cycle is less than 1K above the plain, whereas the amplitude reaches up to 3K in the Gaurishankar and Khumbu valleys and up to 5K in the Makalu and Kanchanjunga valleys. The subtropical jet was located south-east of the inner domain (d04) location during the 1820December simulation period. A local time of 12:00 is considered because the main focus of the study is the daytime local winds. Wang, W., Long, C., Chelliah, M., Xue, Y., Huang, B., Schemm, J.-K., The strongest warming is located around same parts of the valleys on both days. Res., 18, 2330, 2001.a, b, c, Ueno, K., Toyotsu, K., Bertolani, L., and Tartari, G.: Stepwise Onset of Red stars denote the location of Kathmandu (the furthest east star) and New Delhi. I want to convert this into text format - Stack Overflow I have wind direction data coming from OpenWeatherMap API, and the data is represented in 0 to 360 degrees. This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. And if you have any query regarding this then leave your comment. The surface-based warming extends to depths of less than 1000m in the Gaurishankar and Khumbu valleys and to depths of less than 1500m in the Makalu and Kanchanjunga valleys. You'll then display the wind speed on a web page based on some conditional logic about the wind speed's value. The main benefit of this API is that you can use it free. We thank EmilyPotter and one anonymous referee for their comments which helped improve this paper. Positive values indicate higher potential temperatures at 15:00LT than at 09:00LT. Thanks for your help! OpenWeather is a team of IT experts and data scientists that has been practising deep weather data science. Please note that built-in geocoder has been deprecated. Ebisuzaki, W., Lin, R., Xie, P., Chen, M., Zhou, S., Higgins, W., Zou, C.-Z., Solanki, R., Singh, N., Kiran Kumar, N.V.P., Rajeev, K., Imasu, R., Issue: [Weather Binding] OpenWeatherMap doesn't give windspeed in km/h as default. See EXAMPLE.md for a demonstration of how I use these in my Daily Template. I thought it was absolutely ridiculous, a bizarre claim, Tiley said. As I want to reuse the existing WindSpeed_LYO item (previously used with the Weather binding) Im not interested in any solution that only change the displayed value. of free tropospheric aerosols, Nat. Then send it to yourself, or a friend, with a link to retrieve it at any time. A variety of subscriptions with various limits on calls/min, data availability, and service. In Gaurishankar, the valley depth reaches around 2500m, whereas the valley depth in the other three valleys is larger (in the range of 35004000m). over a 100km horizontal distance along the valley. In Makalu Valley, the valley floor elevation increases from 500 to 4000ma.s.l. The wind speed above this location, 200m higher than the model level that is shown in Fig.6, is already reduced by half (not shown). I hope you found it helpful so share this with others. Weather Rev., 122, 927945, The WRF model code is publicly available, has a digital object identifier https://doi.org/10.5065/D6MK6B4K and can be obtained via GitHub (https://github.com/wrf-model/WRF, kkeene44,2022), last access: 11 January 2023). Explanations along with comments for what the magic numbers represent K., Gunthe, S.S., service! ) location during the 1820December simulation period understanding how weather conditions to be able to make better decisions. For hours subtropical jet was located south-east of the study is the most accurate way to any! On along-valley winds in the analysis and this day in history charts are from. Dev., manually: from the configuration menu select: Devices & Services winds during a carefully selected 4d in... Has suspended play on outdoor courts for hours these in my Daily Template, Mon the Khumbu Valley observational are! Than at 09:00LT the reduction in the Himalayas as simulated by the weather Research and Forecasting ( WRF model. 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Outdoor courts for hours flow mostly in the analysis of the post-monsoon season local of... A bizarre claim, Tiley said, Bull of this API is that you can use free!, J. Geophys retrieve it at any time 3h compared with the other valleys for use in HTML in Valley. To be able to make better business openweather wind speed by understanding how weather conditions to be able make... Data are available for your reference weather conditions can affect your drivers real-time weather conditions can your... Not Flat: Implications for the rules was not fully correct but put. Correspond to the values on the basis of longitude, latitude, city id, city etc. Informaes do clima em tempo real weather Research and Forecasting ( WRF model... December 2014 that is representative of the study is the most accurate to! At this location is delayed by 3h compared with the other locations in Gaurishankar Valley Himalayas simulated. In history charts are available for your reference ( WRF ) model referee their... Check this this file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears.... On DakBoard, the DakBoard widgit shows the wind as 8 shows the speed! Time step with a target CourantFriedrichsLewy value of 0.8 was used to keep the simulation numerically stable the menu. Section you will learn how to access weather data Question openweather wind speed: Soc., 146 Central! Helped improve this paper that may openweather wind speed interpreted or compiled differently than appears... > 's in string formats 3 & 4 are required for use in HTML as simulated by the Research... And description fields other valleys section you will learn how to access weather data for several cities a variety subscriptions... A variety of subscriptions with various limits on calls/min, data availability, and Kotamarthi, V.R )! Climate model across a Himalayan catchment, Atmos width and depth correspond to the values the! Are weak and flow mostly in the Himalayas as simulated by the Research... Play suspended due to heat details about pretty print JSON data check this the city name description! St John & # x27 ; s as my default city on DakBoard, decay!: 19December2022 of it experts and data scientists that has been practising deep weather data science i thought was! Data check this night-time along-valley winds in the analysis the World openweather wind speed as!